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The École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, literally the "Special Military School of Saint-Cyr") is the foremost French military academy. It is often referred to as ''Saint-Cyr'' ((:sɛ̃ siʁ)). Its motto is "''Ils s'instruisent pour vaincre''": literally "They study to vanquish" or "Training for victory". French cadet officers are called "saint-cyriens", or "cyrards". The École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr is located in Coëtquidan in Guer, Morbihan department, Brittany, France.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Modern Languages — Norwich University College of Liberal Arts )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Les écoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan / Site Saint Cyr Coëtquidan - Les écoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan )〕 French students who enter the École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr as cadets are about 21 years old, and undergo three years of training. All ESM cadets graduate with a master of arts or a master of science and are commissioned officers.〔〔 The academy was founded in Fontainebleau in 1802 by Napoléon Bonaparte near Paris in the buildings of the Maison Royale de Saint-Louis, a school founded in 1685 by Louis XIV for impoverished daughters of noblemen who had died for France. The cadets moved several times more, eventually settling in Saint-Cyr, west of Paris, in 1808. ==History== The ''École Spéciale Militaire'' was created by order of Napoleon Bonaparte on May 1, 1802 (the Law of ''11 Floréal an X'' according to the then-official revolutionary calendar), to replace the ''École Royale Militaire'' then located in Fontainebleau. Renamed the ''École Spéciale Impériale Militaire'' after Bonaparte was proclaimed emperor, it moved in 1808 to Saint-Cyr-l'École (Yvelines) in the castle of the former ''Maison royale de Saint-Louis'', a school for girls of the French nobility disbanded at the time of the Revolution. The school trained a large number of young officers who served during the Napoleonic Wars. It remained stationed in Saint-Cyr-L'École after Napoleon's deposition and through all regime changes until 1940. After the defeat of the French Army against Germany in 1940, the school moved to the free zone, in the south of France, in Aix-en-Provence. After the invasion of the free zone by the Germans in 1942, the school was disbanded, but French cadet officer training went on, part in Cherchell (Algeria, then Free French territory) and part in the United Kingdom (''Cadets de la France Libre'') under General de Gaulle's command. At the Libération of France in 1944, the school was reunited under the command of General de Lattre de Tassigny and settled in the military camp of Coëtquidan, Morbihan, because the "''vieux bahut''" (old school) had been severely damaged by an Allied bombing during the Libération campaign. The ''École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr'' has remained there to this day. A reform in 1961 split the school into two entities: the current ''École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr'' (ESM), devoted to the training of direct-recruitment officers, recruited through an annual national competitive exam, and the ''École Militaire Interarmes'' (EMIA), cadets from internal recruitment (selected from non-commissioned officer (NCO) ranks and reserve officer ranks) and added a third entity, the ''École Militaire du Corps Technique et Administratif'' (EMCTA), devoted to the formation of administrative specialist officers. The school admitted its first female cadets in 1983 and underwent a minor reform in 2002 devised to broaden the diversity of its recruitment. Since 1802, 65,000 Saint-Cyriens have been trained, along with 2,000 international cadets. Of the French graduates 9,639 died on the field of battle. Alumni also count 11 ''Maréchaux de France'', three French heads of state, two flying aces, six members of the ''Académie Française'', and one Blessed of the Catholic Church. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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